Table 3 Barrier ratings
From: Facilitators, barriers and support needs to GLA:D exercise adherence – a mixed method study
Items rated as rather hindering/very hindering by | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%)** | ||||||
Barriers | Items rated as not applicable | All | GE adherent | GE non-adherent | OR (95% CI) | *p-value |
n = 339 | n = 339 | n = 178 (53%) | n = 161 (47%) | |||
Health-related factors | ||||||
Low energy | 46 (14) | 85 (29) | 38 (24) | 47 (34) | 0.62 (0.36–1.06) | 0.07 |
Pain-free before exercising | 40 (12) | 44 (15) | 19 (12) | 25 (18) | 0.64 (0.31–1.27) | 0.19 |
Pain before exercising | 32 (9) | 82 (27) | 43 (26) | 39 (28) | 0.9 (0.52–1.54) | 0.70 |
Pain during or after exercising | 35 (10) | 81 (27) | 38 (23) | 43 (31) | 0.67 (0.39–1.15) | 0.15 |
Swelling, feeling blockage and/or stiffness | 61 (18) | 70 (25) | 30 (20) | 40 (31) | 0.56 (0.31–1.01) | 0.04 |
No physical limitations in daily life | 42 (12) | 51 (17) | 24 (15) | 27 (19) | 0.77 (0.4–1.47) | 0.44 |
Reduced general health | 57 (17) | 74 (26) | 42 (27) | 32 (25) | 1.13 (0.64-2) | 0.69 |
Uncertainty about how GE can positively influence the course of osteoarthritis | 79 (23) | 27 (10) | 14 (10) | 13 (11) | 0.96 (0.4–2.33) | 1.00 |
Uncertainty about practical GE performance | 83 (24) | 10 (4) | 4 (3) | 6 (5) | 0.57 (0.12–2.46) | 0.52 |
No exercising before GLA:D programme participation | 108 (32) | 24 (10) | 10 (8) | 14 (13) | 0.63 (0.24–1.61) | 0.39 |
GE programme related factors | ||||||
GE programme is boring | 51 (15) | 38 (13) | 13 (9) | 25 (18) | 0.42 (0.19–0.89) | 0.02 |
GE programme takes a long time | 42 (12) | 73 (25) | 28 (18) | 45 (32) | 0.48 (0.27–0.84) | 0.01 |
GE are not individually adapted | 67 (20) | 23 (8) | 15 (10) | 8 (6) | 1.69 (0.64–4.77) | 0.28 |
GE are difficult to perform | 69 (20) | 8 (3) | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | 0.78 (0.14–4.3) | 0.73 |
Social factors | ||||||
No/little support and encouragement from family and/or friends | 67 (20) | 34 (13) | 10 (7) | 24 (19) | 0.33 (0.13–0.74) | 0.01 |
No exercise-partner available | 49 (14) | 64 (22) | 19 (12) | 45 (33) | 0.28 (0.15–0.53) | 0.00 |
No possibility to exercise in a group | 50 (15) | 62 (21) | 23 (15) | 39 (29) | 0.43 (0.23–0.79) | 0.00 |
No relationship of trust between patient and GLA:D physiotherapist | 120 (35) | 9 (4) | 4 (3) | 5 (5) | 0.63 (0.12–2.99) | 0.51 |
No/little support from GLA:D physiotherapist | 121 (36) | 17 (8) | 3 (3) | 14 (14) | 0.16 (0.03–0.59) | 0.00 |
No/little encouragement from GLA:D physiotherapist | 120 (35) | 16 (7) | 5 (4) | 11 (11) | 0.34 (0.09–1.1) | 0.07 |
Personal factors | ||||||
No/little progress and improvements | 79 (23) | 53 (20) | 24 (17) | 29 (24) | 0.68 (0.35–1.29) | 0.22 |
No/little intention to perform GE | 79 (23) | 44 (17) | 12 (9) | 32 (25) | 0.3 (0.13–0.63) | 0.00 |
No/little motivation to perform GE | 64 (19) | 91 (33) | 24 (18) | 67 (49) | 0.23 (0.12–0.4) | 0.00 |
No/little self-discipline to perform GE | 58 (17) | 112 (40) | 38 (26) | 74 (54) | 0.31 (0.18–0.52) | 0.00 |
Boredom while performing GE | 67 (20) | 55 (20) | 18 (13) | 37 (29) | 0.35 (0.18–0.68) | 0.00 |
No/little confidence to perform GE independently | 92 (27) | 24 (10) | 10 (7) | 14 (13) | 0.55 (0.21–1.4) | 0.20 |
Organisational factors | ||||||
No/little time to perform GE | 58 (17) | 85 (30) | 29 (19) | 56 (42) | 0.33 (0.19–0.58) | 0.00 |
Lack of regularity to perform GE | 56 (17) | 81 (29) | 20 (14) | 61 (44) | 0.2 (0.11–0.37) | 0.00 |
No/too little integration of GE into the daily/weekly structure | 56 (17) | 90 (32) | 21 (14) | 69 (50) | 0.17 (0.09–0.31) | 0.00 |
Lack of external pressure (e.g. appointment) | 70 (21) | 80 (30) | 15 (11) | 65 (48) | 0.14 (0.07–0.26) | 0.00 |
Supporting aids for GE not available | 92 (27) | 16 (6) | 5 (4) | 11 (9) | 0.38 (0.1–1.23) | 0.12 |