Table 3 Subgroup analyses according to identified moderating factors
Moderator | Mixed-effects analysis of between-subgroup comparisons | Subgroup heterogeneity | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KR | ES | 95% CI | Pb- value | P- RR-R (%) | Qb-value (df) | Pb- value | Qwc- value (df) | Pwd- value | I2 | T2 | |
Injury type | 1.65 (3) | 0.65 | |||||||||
Head | 6 | 0.51 | 0.29–0.89 | 0.019 | 49 | 33.41 (5) | < 0.001 | 85.04 | 0.39 | ||
Upper limb | 4 | 0.42 | 0.19–0.94 | 0.035 | 58 | 8.84 (3) | 0.032 | 66.06 | 0.37 | ||
Lower limb | 5 | 0.41 | 0.28–0.60 | < 0.001 | 59 | 8.63 (4) | 0.071 | 53.65 | 0.09 | ||
All | 12 | 0.56 | 0.41–0.77 | < 0.001 | 44 | 46.52 (11) | < 0.001 | 76.36 | 0.21 | ||
Age group | 26.26 (3) | 0.00 | |||||||||
Children | 7 | 0.30 | 0.23–0.38 | < 0.001 | 70 | 6.04 (6) | < 0.001 | 0.74 | 0.00 | ||
Adolescent | 10 | 0.62 | 0.43–0.89 | 0.009 | 38 | 22.30 (4) | < 0.001 | 82.06 | 0.13 | ||
Adult | 10 | 0.68 | 0.57–0.80 | 0.000 | 32 | 35.59 (9) | < 0.001 | 74.71 | 0.25 | ||
Exercise level | 3.12 (3) | 0.37 | |||||||||
Elite | 2 | 0.78 | 0.47–1.30 | 0.347 | - | 6.49 (1) | 0.011 | 84.60 | 0.11 | ||
Club | 11 | 0.46 | 0.33–0.66 | < 0.001 | 54 | 55.95 (10) | < 0.001 | 82.13 | 0.26 | ||
Primary | 8 | 0.51 | 0.35–0.75 | 0.001 | 49 | 15.34 (7) | 0.032 | 54.38 | 0.13 | ||
Mix | 6 | 0.45 | 0.25–0.81 | 0.007 | 55 | 20.74 (5) | 0.001 | 75.89 | 0.40 | ||
Duration | 4.08 (2) | 0.13 | |||||||||
≤ 2 w | 5 | 0.70 | 0.54–0.91 | 0.007 | 30 | 4.26 (4) | 0.372 | 6.09 | 0.01 | ||
8–12 w | 5 | 0.49 | 0.26–0.95 | 0.035 | 51 | 18.03 (16) | 0.001 | 77.81 | 0.43 | ||
≥ 12 w | 17 | 0.48 | 0.37–0.63 | < 0.001 | 52 | 86.13 (1) | < 0.001 | 81.42 | 0.23 | ||
Ice and snow sport type | |||||||||||
Alpine skiing | 9 | 0.64 | 0.47–0.86 | 0.003 | 36 | 3.96 (2) | 0.14 | 30.95 (8) | < 0.001 | 74.15 | 0.14 |
Skiing/snowboarding | 10 | 0.51 | 0.34–0.76 | 0.001 | 49 | 26.48(9) | 0.002 | 66.01 | 0.22 | ||
Ice hockey | 8 | 0.38 | 0.25–0.57 | < 0.001 | 62 | 35.10 (7) | < 0.001 | 80.06 | 0.26 | ||