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Table 4 Hierarchical regression analyses of predictors of the K-SCIM III subscore 3

From: Significance of physical factors on activities of daily living in patients with tetraplegia after spinal cord injury: a retrospective study

Model (Factor)

Variable

B

\(\beta\)

t

p

R2 (\(\varDelta\)R2)

Model 1

Demographic factor

(Constant)

8.30

—

3.44

0.001

0.003

(0.003)

Age (years)

-0.01

-0.01

-0.18

0.858

Sex

-1.28

-0.05

-0.76

0.448

Model 2

SCI-related

factors

(Constant)

18.00

—

7.28

< 0.001

0.249

(0.246)

Age (years)

-0.07

-0.13

-1.97

0.050

Sex

0.25

0.01

0.16

0.876

Etiology of Injury

-4.98

-0.22

-3.20

0.002

AIS

-7.53

-0.44

-6.61

< 0.001

Duration of Injury (year)

-0.90

-0.05

-0.80

0.426

Model 3

Cognitive

factors

(Constant)

-2.06

—

-0.32

0.750

0.290

(0.041)

Age (years)

-0.04

-0.07

-1.14

0.257

Sex

0.12

0.00

0.07

0.941

Etiology of Injury

-4.72

-0.21

-3.10

0.002

AIS

-6.89

-0.40

-6.11

< 0.001

Duration of Injury (year)

-0.74

-0.04

-0.67

0.504

MMSE

0.64

0.21

3.36

0.001

Model 4

Physical

factors

(Constant)

-8.31

—

-1.54

0.125

0.554

(0.264)

Age (years)

-0.04

-0.07

-1.17

0.242

Sex

1.18

0.05

0.89

0.377

Etiology of Injury

-1.74

-0.08

-1.34

0.181

AIS

4.61

0.27

2.80

0.006

Duration of Injury (year)

-1.94

-0.11

-2.04

0.042

MMSE

0.28

0.09

1.69

0.093

UEMS

0.14

0.21

2.92

0.004

LEMS

0.31

0.63

5.70

< 0.001

Upper extremity spasticity

-0.08

-0.09

-1.28

0.203

Lower extremity spasticity

0.01

0.01

0.21

0.836

Limitation of shoulder ROM

0.44

0.03

0.38

0.701

Limitation of hip ROM

-1.18

-0.06

-1.09

0.278

Musculoskeletal pain of shoulder

-1.29

-0.07

-1.25

0.213

Sitting balance

3.25

0.19

2.69

0.008

  1. Model1: \(\varDelta\)F (2, 198) = 0.31 (p < .735); Model2: \(\varDelta\)F (3, 195) = 21.26 (p < .001); Model3: \(\varDelta\)F (1, 194) = 11.27 (p < .001); Model4: \(\varDelta\)F (8, 186) = 13.76 (p < .001)
  2. Dummy variables: Sex (ref = female); Etiology of injury (ref = Nontraumatic); AIS (ref = C and D); Duration of Injury (ref = over than 1 year); Limitation of shoulder ROM (ref = No); Limitation of hip ROM (ref = No); Musculoskeletal pain of shoulder (ref = No); Sitting balance (ref = Poor and Zero)
  3. Abbreviations: AIS, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; UEMS, Upper-Extremity Motor Score; LEMS, Lower-Extremity Motor Score; ROM, Range of Motion; K-SCIM III, Korean Spinal Cord Independence Measure