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Table 5 Hierarchical regression analyses of predictors of the K-SCIM III total score

From: Significance of physical factors on activities of daily living in patients with tetraplegia after spinal cord injury: a retrospective study

Model (Factor)

Variable

B

\(\beta\)

t

p

R2 (\(\varDelta\)R2)

Model 1

Demographic factors

(Constant)

35.17

—

6.10

< 0.001

0.014

(0.014)

Age (years)

0.01

0.01

0.12

0.908

Sex

-6.64

-0.12

-1.65

0.101

Model 2

SCI-related

factors

(Constant)

63.20

—

11.74

< 0.001

0.383

(0.369)

Age (years)

-0.18

-0.14

-2.41

0.017

Sex

-2.22

-0.04

-0.64

0.524

Etiology of Injury

-15.00

-0.27

-4.41

< 0.001

AIS

-21.83

-0.52

-8.79

< 0.001

Duration of Injury (year)

-0.57

-0.01

-0.23

0.818

Model 3

Cognitive

Factor

(Constant)

10.68

—

0.77

0.442

0.432

(0.049)

Age (years)

-0.11

-0.08

-1.43

0.155

Sex

-2.57

-0.05

-0.77

0.443

Etiology of Injury

-14.31

-0.26

-4.37

< 0.001

AIS

-20.15

-0.48

-8.31

< 0.001

Duration of Injury (year)

-0.14

0.00

-0.06

0.954

MMSE

1.69

0.23

4.09

< 0.001

Model 4

Physical

factors

(Constant)

-2.44

—

-0.22

0.823

0.685

(0.254)

Age (years)

-0.09

-0.07

-1.37

0.171

Sex

-0.08

0.00

-0.03

0.976

Etiology of Injury

-7.27

-0.13

-2.78

0.006

AIS

6.00

0.14

1.80

0.073

Duration of Injury (year)

-2.56

-0.06

-1.34

0.183

MMSE

0.81

0.11

2.44

0.016

UEMS

0.30

0.18

3.08

0.002

LEMS

0.69

0.59

6.35

< 0.001

Upper extremity spasticity

-0.18

-0.08

-1.42

0.156

Lower extremity spasticity

0.01

0.00

0.07

0.943

Limitation of shoulder ROM

0.41

0.01

0.18

0.859

Limitation of hip ROM

-1.47

-0.03

-0.67

0.503

Musculoskeletal pain of shoulder

-4.49

-0.11

-2.16

0.032

Sitting balance

8.63

0.20

3.53

< 0.001

  1. Model1: \(\varDelta\)F (2, 198) = 1.36 (p < .258); Model2: \(\varDelta\)F (3, 195) = 38.89 (p < .001); Model3: \(\varDelta\)F (1, 194) = 16.71 (p < .001); Model4: \(\varDelta\)F (8, 186) = 18.73 (p < .001)
  2. Dummy variables: Sex (ref = female); Etiology of injury (ref = Nontraumatic); AIS (ref = C and D); Duration of Injury (ref = over than 1 year); Limitation of shoulder ROM (ref = No); Limitation of hip ROM (ref = No); Musculoskeletal pain of shoulder (ref = No); Sitting balance (ref = Poor and Zero)
  3. Abbreviations AIS, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; UEMS, Upper-Extremity Motor Score; LEMS, Lower-Extremity Motor Score; ROM, Range of Motion; K-SCIM III, Korean Spinal Cord Independence Measure