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Table 14 Multivariate analysis of 25-OHD levels and bone mineral density between groups

From: Vitamin D levels and bone mineral density of middle-aged premenopausal female football and volleyball players in Japan: a cross-sectional study

 

Non-exercise

Volleyball

Football

P-value b

Effect size

Power

(n = 25)

(n = 40)

(n = 27)

25-OHD (ng/mL)

14.9

15

19.4**

< 0.01

0.15

0.95

(12.7–17.0) a

(13.3–16.7)

(17.7–21.1)

Bone density of lumbar spine (g/cm²)

1.024

1.151*

1.104

< 0.01

0.16

0.96

(0.970–1.077)

(1.113–1.189)

(1.056–1.152)

Bone density of femoral neck (g/cm²)

0.708

0.824*

0.833*

< 0.01

0.23

0.99

(0.664–0.751)

(0.791–0.858)

(0.797–0.870)

Bone density of Lumbar spine (Z score)

0.140

1.108*

0.811*

< 0.01

0.16

0.97

(-0.253–0.533)

(0.823–1.392)

(0.450–1.172)

Bone density of femoral neck (Z score)

-0.352

0.777*

0.948*

< 0.01

0.24

0.99

(− 0.764–0.060)

(0.451–1.104)

(0.582–1.314)

  1. a Average (95% confidential interval)
  2. bP: analysis of covariance
  3. c Confounders: age, body mass index (BMI, only BMI for Z score)
  4. *P < 0.05: vs. non-exercise; **P < 0.05: vs. volleyball
  5. 25-OHD, 25-hydroxy vitamin D