Fig. 3

Time course of alterations in VE during intermittent cycling exercise as measured by BFR-50 (red) and TRA-65 (green). The annotation displays mean difference (95% CI) from linear mixed regression modeling. VE: minute ventilation; BFR-50: Blood-flow restriction endurance exercise; TRA-65: Traditional endurance exercise. The box plots display the median (line inside the box), interquartile range (IQR, edges of the box), and whiskers (lines extending from the box). Whiskers represent the range within 1.5 times the IQR from the 25th percentile (Q1—1.5IQR) to the 75th percentile (Q3 + 1.5IQR)