Differential contribution of elbow flexion and knee extension on vascular and hemodynamic parameters and arterial stiffness indices after acute strength exercise in young adults

Table 2 Comparison of hemodynamic variables in baseline, T0 and T15 assessments and between elbow flexion (EFlex) and knee extension (KExt) exercises

Parameters	EFlex	LExt	p-value between groups
Stroke Volume (ml)	p = 0.250	p < 0.001
Baseline	65.95 ± 13.21	65.85 ± 10.93	0.951
T0	67.87 ± 11.70	72.07 ± 13.99*	0.007
T15	67.39 ± 11.66	65.76 ± 11.30^&	0.229
Cardiac output (l/min)	p = 0.354	p < 0.001
Baseline	5.04 ± 0.51	5.01 ± 0.48	0.693
T0	5.13 ± 0.46	5.40 ± 0.57*	0.009
T15	5.03 ± 0.50	4.97 ± 0.41^&	0.528
TVR (s*mmHg/ml)	p = 0.513	p = 0.004
Baseline	1.17 ± 0.15	1.18 ± 0.14	0.520
T0	1.17 ± 0.13	1.14 ± 0.12	0.100
T15	1.19 ± 0.14	1.20 ± 0.10^&	0.384
Cardiac Index (l/min*1/m²)	p = 0.474	p < 0.001
Baseline	2.71 ± 0.29	2.69 ± 0.33	0.759
T0	2.75 ± 0.26	2.89 ± 0.35*	0.009
T15	2.70 ± 0.34	2.66 ± 0.21^&	0.387
Heart rate (l/min)	p = 0.002	p = 0.397
Baseline	78.00 ± 10.04	77.28 ± 9.89	0.416
T0	76.56 ± 9.89	76.28 ± 10.94	0.778
T15	75.42 ± 9.75*	77.34 ± 9.32	0.006

Data are represented as mean ± SD. T0: Immediately after the exercise; T15: Fifteen minutes after the exercise. TVR-Total vascular resistance. The p-values between groups refer to the Student t-test for paired samples (Bold p-value means it is significant). Analysis of variance for repeated measures were used to assess differences within baseline, immediately after exercise – T0, and 15 min after exercise – T15. .* p < 0.05 in relation to baseline. & p < 0.05 in relation to T0

ISSN: 2052-1847