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Table 1 Sample characteristics by sex

From: Mental health symptom burden in elite ice hockey players and its association with self-reported concussive events

 

Sex

 

Variable

Male

(n = 468)

Female

(n = 180)

Total

(N = 648)

Demographic

   

Age, n (%)

   

≤ 25

206 (44.0%)

140 (77.8%)

346 (53.4%)

26+

262 (56.0%)

40 (22.2%)

302 (46.6%)

Language, n (%)

   

Swedish

447 (95.5%)

107 (59.4%)

554 (85.5%)

English

21 (4.5%)

73 (40.6%)

94 (14.5%)

Previous Concussive Events

   

Total

1.0 [0.0, 3.0]

0.0 [0.0, 2.0]

1.0 [0.0, 2.0]

0

212 (45.8%)

89 (50.6%)

301 (47.1%)

1–2

128 (27.6%)

55 (31.3%)

183 (28.6%)

3+

123 (26.6%)

32 (18.2%)

155 (24.3%)

Missing, n

5

4

9

Current Drug Use

   

Illicit drugs past year, n (V%)

13 (2.9%)

16 (9.2%)

29 (4.6%)

Missing, n

16

7

23

Analgesics past month, n (V%)

28 (6.2%)

5 (2.9%)

33 (5.3%)

Missing, n

16

7

23

Soporifics past month, n (V%)

57 (12.6%)

24 (13.9%)

81 (13.0%)

Missing, n

16

7

23

Psychiatric Diagnoses

   

ADHD/LD Dx, n (V%)

22 (4.8%)

29 (16.7%)

51 (8.1%)

Missing, n

11

6

17

Psychiatric Dx, n (V%)

29 (6.3%)

46 (26.4%)

75 (11.9%)

Missing, n

11

6

17

GD Dx, n (V%)

12 (2.6%)

0 (0.0%)

12 (1.9%)

Missing, n

11

6

17

SUD Dx, n (V%)

7 (2.1%)

6 (3.4%)

13 (1.6%)

Missing, n

11

6

17

Psychiatric Outcomes

   

Alcohol: AUDIT-C, M ± SD

4.5 ± 1.8

2.7 ± 1.9

4.0 ± 2.0

Hazardous consumption, n (V%)

134 (29.5%)

63 (36.4%)

197 (31.4%)

Missing, n

13

7

20

Social media: BSMAS, Mdn [Q1-Q3]

4.0 [1.0, 8.0]

7.0 [3.0, 11.0]

4.0 [1.0, 9.0]

At-risk 14 ≤ 25, n (V%)

37 (8.2%)

26 (15.0%)

63 (10.1%)

Problematic use ≥ 26, n (V%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (1.2%)

2 (0.3%)

Missing, n

19

7

26

Depression: PHQ-9, Mdn [Q1-Q3]

2.0 [0.0, 3.0]

4.0 [2.0, 7.0]

2.0 [0.0, 5.0]

Mild 5 ≤ 9, n (V%)

71 (15.8%)

55 (31.8%)

126 (20.2%)

Moderate/Severe ≥ 10, n (V%)

7 (1.6%)

26 (15.0%)

33 (5.3%)

Missing, n

18

7

25

Anxiety: GAD-7, Mdn [Q1-Q3]

2.0 [0.0, 3.0]

4.0 [2.0, 7.0]

2.0 [0.0, 5.0]

Mild 5 ≤ 9, n (V%)

69 (15.3%)

52 (30.1%)

121 (19.4%)

Moderate/Severe ≥ 10, n (V%)

7 (1.6%)

18 (10.4%)

25 (4.0%)

Missing, n

17

7

24

Burnout: s-ES, n (V%)

   

At-risk, see caption for conditions*

29 (6.4%)

27 (15.6%)

56 (9.0%)

Clinical, A ≥ 2, B ≥ 4, C ≥ 1

18 (4.0%)

33 (19.1%)

51 (8.2%)

Missing, n

18

7

25

  1. Note. Binary variables are presented as valid percentages (V%). Descriptives for normally distributed numeric variables are presented as means (M) with standard deviations (SD) and non-normally distributed numeric variables are presented as medians (Mdn) and quartiles (Q1-Q3). ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, LD = learning disorder, Dx = diagnosis, Psychiatric Dx = previous depression, panic, social phobia, burnout, and obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnoses; GD = gambling disorder, SUD = substance use disorder, AUDIT-C = Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption, BSMAS = Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7 = Generalize Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, s-ES = Gothenburg Institute of Stress Medicine’s Self-Reported Exhaustion Syndrome. *At-risk burnout positive if participants score 1/2 in part A and 3/6 in part B, or, 2/2 in part A and 3/6 in part B, or, 1/2 in part A and 4+/6 in part B
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BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

ISSN: 2052-1847

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