Effects of multicomponent exercise intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a multiple-baseline trial

Table 1 Participant characteristics at the first baseline measurement by study group, and the differences between children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing children and young adults (TD)

	CP (N = 18)	TD (N = 17)		Difference
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean [95% CI lower, 95% CI upper]	P value ^a	Hedge’s g
Age, yr	14.18 (4.42)	14.57 (4.29)	0.39 [-3.39, 2.60]	0.790	-0.09
Height, cm	158.39 (14.41)	161.06 (16.36)	-2.67 [-13.26, 7.92]	0.611	-0.17
Weight, kg	50.48 (16.51) ^b	53.10 (17.50)	-2.62 [-14.51, 9.27]	0.657	-0.15
Body fat percentage, %	21.64 (11.04) ^b	16.36 (7.40)	5.28 [-1.32, 11.88]	0.112	0.55
Skeletal muscle mass index, kg/m²	8.08 (1.07) ^b	9.09 (1.63)	-1.01 [-1.97, -0.05]	0.040	-0.72
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	113.97 (8.55)	111.53 (10.45)	2.44 [-4.11, 8.99]	0.453	0.25
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	62.19 (5.23)	59.85 (5.71)	2.34 [-1.42, 6.10]	0.214	0.42
Pulse wave velocity, m/s	6.33 (0.77)	5.91 (0.43) ^b	0.42 [-0.02, 0.86]	0.056	0.65
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	1.53 (0.32) ^c	1.60 (0.33) ^b	-0.08 [-0.31, 0.16]	0.515	0.23
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L	2.19 (0.75) ^c	2.18 (0.61) ^b	0.01 [-0.48, 0.51]	0.958	0.02
Triglycerides, mmol/L	0.82 (0.31) ^c	0.77 (0.35) ^b	0.05 [-0.19, 0.29]	0.674	0.15
Glucose, mmol/L	5.13 (0.44) ^c	4.98 (0.30) ^b	0.15 [-0.12, 0.42]	0.269	0.39
Cardiometabolic risk score, total score	0.33 (3.51) ^d	-1.54 (3.32) ^b	1.87 [-0.63, 4.38]	0.137	0.54

Note Abbreviations SD standard deviation; CI confidence interval; HDL high-density lipoprotein; LDL low-density lipoprotein
^aP-value from the Student’s t-test, except for body fat percentage and pulse wave velocity from the Welch test
^bMissing N = 1
^cMissing N = 2
^dMissing N = 3

ISSN: 2052-1847