Metabolic risk factors, blood pressure and atherogenic indices of cardiovascular disease across different quartiles of dietary sodium to potassium ratio among young semi-professional athletes with overweight or obesity

Table 4 Metabolic and atherogenic risk factors of study participants across quartiles of dietary Na/K ratio

Variable	All participants		Quartils of dietary Na/K								P Value*	P value**	P for trend***
			Q1 (n = 158)		Q₂ (n = 160)		Q₃ (n = 160)		Q₄ (n = 158)
			(< 0.78)		(0.78 -1.06)		(1.06–1.45)		(> 1.45)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
FBS (mg/dl)	96.25	24.05	97.06	26.02	95.38	19.76	98.52	27.46	94.00	22.16	0.364	0.947	0.480
TC (mg/dl)	191.46	42.06	187.80	43.36	193.16	41.46	198.81	40.81	185.98	41.75	0.028†	0.008	0.944
TG (mg/dl)	138.34	84.95	142.69	83.12	150.08	105.41	148.42	71.90	121.99	73.24	0.025‡	0.445	0.011
HDL (mg/dl)	43.74	11.26	43.93	12.01	42.85	11.18	44.18	11.01	43.99	10.86	0.716	0.445	0.778
LDL (mg/dl)	122.73	37.93	121.31	38.88	123.08	35.59	127.94	38.44	118.54	38.46	0.159	0.097	0.758
SBP (mmHg)	120.55	16.19	124.89	14.34	118.76	18.56	119.16	13.97	118.88	16.18	0.004 £	0.023	0.006
DBP (mmHg)	79.96	11.88	82.75	11.26	78.86	12.43	79.27	10.91	78.59	12.62	0.017 £	0.136	0.007
Lp (a) (mg/dl)	20.15	7.80	14.36	2.13	16.12	3.60	26.35	7. 82	23.44	3.90	< 0.001†	0.002	< 0.001
AIP	3.54	2.89	3.60	2.90	4.04	3.75	3.46	2.24	3.08	2.38	0.030	0.302	0.037
CRI	4.63	1.52	4.53	1.50	4.78	1.54	4.72	1.41	4.47	1.60	0.213	0.756	0.738
CRII	2.98	1.26	2.96	1.28	3.05	1.16	3.05	1.21	2.87	1.38	0.554	0.938	0.653
LTI	14,876.73	2895.12	10,725.32	1894.45	13,479.69	2257.02	19,888.91	3494.05	15,354.39	1231.89	0.063	0.133	0.067

FBS Fasting blood sugar, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, HDL High density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, Lp Lipoprotein, AIP Atherogenic index of plasma, CRI Castelli risk index, LTI Lipid tetrad index
P-values derived from one-way ANOVA, following Tuky’s post-hoc test
^†Tuky’s test significant between third quartile and others
^‡Tuky’s test significant between second quartile and others.£,Tuky’s test significant between first quartile and others
^**P-values derived from GLM after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity total energy and dietary fiber intake
^*** P for trend derived from polynomial linear contrasts analysis. Bold values are statistically significant

ISSN: 2052-1847