Table 1 Basic information of the included assessment tools
From: Tools for assessing ball skills based on game scenarios: a systematic review and related insights
Included tools | Tools | Assessable sports | Content of the assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
Grehaigne et al. [14], 1997 | TSAP | Team sports such as basketball, football, volleyball | Assess ball-handling skills performance in terms of possession (scrambling for the ball, catching the ball), handling the ball (threatening passes, missed passes, routine passes, hitting the target) |
Oslin et al. [24], 1998 | GPAI | Any ball sports | Assess sport skills performance in terms of return to position, positional adjustments, sound decision making, skill execution, supporting receivers, cover fills, and staredown defense |
Roth et al. [25], 2002 | KORA | Football | Assess offensive tactical performance in terms of position and move (getting in the right place at the right time) and identifying openings (recognizing and capitalizing on scoring opportunities) |
Collet et al. [16], 2011 | IAD-VB | Volleyball | Assess skills performance in terms of adjustment, decisions and effectiveness of execution in serving, receiving, matting, dinking and blocking |
Costa et al. [17], 2011 | FUT-SAT | Football | A total of 76 micro-observed variables were assessed in terms of macro-observed categories of tactical principles, operational locations, and operational outcomes, respectively, as well as macro-outcomes that included tactical performance, tactical actions, percentage of errors, and operational locations |
Chen et al. [18], 2013 | BOGPI | Basketball | Assesses offensive performance in terms of decisions, supports, and skills execution on ball-handling, passing, shooting, etc |
García López et al. [19], 2013 | GPET | Football | Assess offensive performance in terms of decisions, supports, and skills execution for possession, passing, shooting, support, and running |
Folle et al. [26], 2014 | IAD-BB | Basketball | Assess offensive performance in terms of adaptation, decisions, and effectiveness of execution in passing, receiving, dribbling, shooting, passing and cutting, and offensive rebounding, as well as defensive performance in terms of marking without the ball, marking with the ball, defensive rebounding, and blocking at the basket |
Greco et al. [20], 2015 | TCTP: OE | Collective sports such as basketball, football and handball | Assess offensive performance in terms of players with the ball actively handling the ball and not losing possession after handling the ball, and players without the ball actively running for the ball or opening up space for the offense; assess defensive performance in terms of actively blocking the offensive players or assisting teammates in blocking the offense |
Otero-Saborido et al. [21], 2015 | TALIS | Invasive gaming sports such as basketball and football | Assess offensive performance in terms of trajectory relative to the ball carrier, movement speed, and the impact of the density of teammates and opponents in the space after movement |
Pérez-Morales et al. [27], 2017 | PTKT: Bb | Basketball | Assess offensive performance in terms of dribbling to create space, creating space to shoot, moving into space to catch the ball, and covering the offense after the pass, covering the offense without the ball, and covering the ball out of bounds; and assess defensive performance in terms of blocking the drive, blocking the shot, and blocking the pass, as well as supporting teammates, cross-court defense, and under-the-basket defense |
Torres-Luque et al. [28], 2018 | OITTAST | Tennis | Assess tennis skills performance in terms of order of strokes per round, type of serve, landing, and effect, type of shot, landing, and effect |
Saad et al. [22], 2019 | IAD-Futsal | Five-a-side football | Assess 12 technical and tactical observable variables for offense and defense in terms of adaptation, decisions, and effectiveness dimensions |
Ibáñez et al. [23], 2019 | BALPAI | Basketball | Assess offensive performance in terms of participation, decisions, skills execution of technical, and effectiveness of execution for dribbling, shooting, passing, receiving, pass-checking, occupying openings, and offensive rebounding, and defensive performance in terms of defending with the ball, defending without the ball, defending against assists, and defending against rebounds |
García-Ceberino et al. [29], 2020 | IMLPFoot | Football | Assess offensive performance in terms of decisions, skills execution, and effectiveness of execution in terms of dribbling, passing, shooting, ball control, passing coordination, and running without the ball, and defensive performance in terms of marking without the ball, marking with the ball, and assisting the defense |
Sánchez-López et al. [15], 2021 | FOCOS | Football | Assess football performance based on 6 analytical steps of play stages, role types, role actions, operational principles, specific principles, and action outcomes, comprising a total of 38 micro-observed variables |