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Table 2 Differences in Exercise capacity, mobility, peripheral muscle strength within-group and between-groups

From: The effectiveness of functional inspiratory muscle training on exercise capacity and peripheral muscle strength in patients with essential hypertension: a three-arm randomized controlled trial

 

CG (n: 15)

IMT (n: 15)

F-IMT (n: 15)

 
 

Baseline mean ± SD

After mean ± SD

Mean Difference (95% CI)

Within group p

Baseline mean ± SD

After mean ± SD

Mean Difference (95% CI)

Within group p

Baseline mean ± SD

After mean ± SD

Mean Difference (95% CI)

Within group p

Treatment effect p

6-MWT (m)

520.97 ± 72.53

528.66 ± 70.03

8.67(−14.65–2.68)

0.006

446.03 ± 108.18

476.71 ± 104.57

30.33(24.68–35.98)

 < 0.001

429.50 ± 80.32

482.37 ± 84.25

52.24(−58.00–46.47)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001a,b,c

6-MWT%

85.63 ± 15.15

86.85 ± 14.72

1.20(−2.27–0.13)

0.028

78.45 ± 19.66

83.84 ± 19.05

5.39(−6.44–4.34)

 < 0.001

74.79 ± 18.23

84.13 ± 19.60

9.17(−10.23–8.11)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001 a,b,c

6 PBRT (rings)

307.60 ± 46.47

309.66 ± 48.13

1.42(−3.90–1.10)

0.262

257.47 ± 69.25

272.73 ± 71.42

15.78(−18.26–13.30)

 < 0.001

274.13 ± 39.81

291.20 ± 55.65

17.19(19.60–14.78)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001,a,c

6 PBRT%

69.45 ± 12.22

69.92 ± 12.57

0.35(−0.93–0.22)

0.223

60.59 ± 14.88

64.21 ± 15.38

3.70(−4.27–3.13)

 < 0.001

62.62 ± 10.15

66.51 ± 10.21

3.92(−4.49–3.36)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001a,c

1 STS (repetition)

22.53 ± 5.86

23.46 ± 6.95

0.98(−2.30–0.32)

0.137

21.80 ± 4.52

27.86 ± 5.55

6.19(−7.52–4.86)

 < 0.001

24.86 ± 4.10

33 ± 5.12

7.95(−9.29–6.60)

 < 0001

 < 0.001a,c

TUG (sec)

7.98 ± 1.03

7.62 ± 0.93

1.35(0.63–2.07)

 < 0.001

15.28 ± 3.21

11.78 ± 2.65

2.17(1.35–2.98)

 < 0.001

10.02 ± 2.65

8.11 ± 2.05

2.25(1.60–2.84)

 < 0.001

0.119

QF R (N)

177.46 ± 44.28

181.20 ± 44.21

3.54 (−7.34–0.25)

0.067

178.40 ± 38.06

192.33 ± 44.34

13.70(−7.34–0.25)

 < 0.001

163.13 ± 44.67

181.35 ± 45.88

18.63(−22.47–14.80)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001a,c

QF L (N)

164.73 ± 35.29

167.46 ± 34.87

2.60(−7.48–2.27)

0.287

162.78 ± 53.59

174.05 ± 57.26

11.18(−16.05–6.32)

 < 0.001

151.53 ± 36.98

168.99 ± 39.08

17.67(−22.56–12.77)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001a,c

HG R (Pound)

82.46 ± 20.42

85.14 ± 20.20

2.58(−4.85–0.31)

0.027

74.86 ± 18.91

80.32 ± 20.67

5.44(3.25–7.63)

 < 0.001

62.73 ± 19.72

67.94 ± 20.07

−5.32(−7.62–7.62)

 < 0.001

0.146

HG L (Pound)

86.20 ± 18.57

87.93 ± 17.64

1.80(−3.93–0.22)

0.026

73.73 ± 18.53

78.51 ± 20.25

4.77(−6.27–3.28)

 < 0.001

64.73 ± 20.08

68.87 ± 19.51

4.07(−5.64–2.50)

 < 0.001

0.028c

SBP mmHg

135.06 ± 30.11

133.28 ± 27.63

1.54(1.91–5)

0.372

142.26 ± 16.03

135.58 ± 11.36

4.98(1.44–8.52)

0.007

124.33 ± 18.54

117.44 ± 13.90

8.82(5.26–12.93)

 < 0.001

0.019a

DBP mmHg

80.06 ± 14.44

79.50 ± 13.55

0.41(−1.92–2.74)

0.723

82.60 ± 12.52

79.90 ± 13.21

2.25(−4.62–0.11)

0.062

73.40 ± 10.23

70.66 ± 8.42

3.32(0.92–5.72)

0.008

0.218

  1. CG Control group, IMT Inspiratory muscle training, F-IMT Functional Inspiratory Muscle Training Group, SD Standard deviation, CI confidence interval, 6MWT Six minute walking test, 6PBRT 6-min pegboard ring test, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, 1STS 1-min sit to stand test, QF Quadriceps Femoris strength, HG R Hand grip strength right, HG L Hang grip strength left, TUG Time up and go test
  2. Bonferroni corrected ANCOVA test, * p < 0.05
  3. astatistically significant difference in comparison with FIMT and CG
  4. bstatistically significant difference in comparison in FIMT and IMT
  5. cstatistically significant difference in comparison in IMT and CG
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BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

ISSN: 2052-1847

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