Table 5 Means and standard deviations for muscle activations during the mid-stance phase (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) when running in PF compared with WPF individuals (with and without FO)
Muscles | WPF group | PF group | Main effect of group (eta squared) | Main effect of condition (eta squared) | Group-by-condition interaction (eta squared) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | ∆% | 95%CI | Pre | Post | ∆% | 95%CI | ||||
TA | 81.38 ± 35.86 | 91.13 ± 46.49 | 11.98 | -41.10, 21.61 | 70.19 ± 33.8 | 111.77 ± 40.23 | 59.23 | -84.98, 1.82 | 0.683 (0.180) | 0.043 (0.940)* | 0.196 (0.582) |
Gas-M | 85.33 ± 34.41 | 86.36 ± 32.31 | 1.20 | -23.59, 21.55 | 79.84 ± 35.2 | 82.81 ± 23.11 | 3.71 | -32.49, 26.54 | 0.666 (0.191) | 0.812 (0.110) | 0.907 (0.063) |
VL | 85.37 ± 32.64 | 83.44 ± 33.99 | -2.26 | -25.46, 32.11 | 72.63 ± 36.25 | 64.15 ± 21.67 | -11.67 | -15.67, 37.66 | 0.044 (0.934)* | 0.431 (0.352) | 0.672 (0.191) |
VM | 80.94 ± 30.56 | 77.61 ± 32.37 | -4.11 | -27.80, 31.66 | 65.99 ± 35.76 | 54.99 ± 17.63 | -16.66 | -21.41, 38.38 | 0.096 (0.763) | 0.591 (0.238) | 0.735 (0.155) |
RF | 73.19 ± 27.86 | 66.45 ± 25.49 | -9.20 | -17.74, 31.23 | 61.82 ± 36.59 | 49.53 ± 14.71 | -19.88 | -14.20, 38.79 | 0.090 (0.773) | 0.255 (0.510) | 0.737 (0.155) |
BF | 77.51 ± 23.9 | 60.43 ± 22.95 | -22.03 | -4.39, 35.99 | 59.44 ± 37.31 | 48.93 ± 12.58 | -17.68 | -15.12, 33.94 | 0.118 (0.710) | 0.091 (0.773) | 0.658 (0.201) |
ST | 73.78 ± 24.38 | 57.98 ± 20.13 | -21.41 | -4.04, 38.20 | 57.96 ± 37.81 | 48.55 ± 11.79 | -16.23 | -14.45, 35.49 | 0.071 (0.830) | 0.074 (0.820) | 0.660 (0.191) |
Glut-M | 73.46 ± 25.67 | 57.39 ± 19.68 | -21.87 | -5.31, 37.45 | 60.37 ± 35.8 | 46.65 ± 11.4 | -22.72 | -9.77, 37.23 | 0.124 (0.700) | 0.050 (0.908) | 0.872 (0.063) |