Table 6 Means and standard deviations for muscle activations during the push-off phase (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) when running in PF compared with WPF individuals (with and without FO)
Muscles | WPF group | PF group | Main effect of group (eta squared) | Main effect of condition (eta squared) | Group-by-condition interaction (eta squared) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | ∆% | 95%CI | Pre | Post | ∆% | 95%CI | ||||
TA | 56.93 ± 24.23 | 63.97 ± 25.95 | 12.36 | -28.86, 14.80 | 100.56 ± 35.26 | 98.01 ± 22.01 | -2.53 | -15.56, 20.66 | < 0.001 (1.816)* | 0.733 (0.155) | 0.468 (0.320) |
Gas-M | 59.99 ± 22.51 | 76.78 ± 31.19 | 27.98 | -42.10, 8.53 | 90.18 ± 34.88 | 86.31 ± 20.97 | -4.29 | -16.74, 24.49 | 0.038 (0.965)* | 0.397 (0.375) | 0.181 (0.602) |
VL | 52.24 ± 21.35 | 73.78 ± 37.63 | 41.23 | -59.17, -2.84 | 78.56 ± 35.87 | 69.18 ± 15.09 | -11.93 | -19.17, 29.56 | 0.195 (0.586) | 0.144 (0.663) | 0.045 (0.931)* |
VM | 45.79 ± 20.51 | 76.8 ± 35.65 | 67.72 | -50.34, 7.27 | 75.86 ± 37.29 | 70.66 ± 20.32 | -6.85 | -14.22, 32.98 | 0.226 (0.544) | 0.483 (0.314) | 0.084 (0.793) |
RF | 43.83 ± 20.7 | 67.33 ± 28.92 | 53.61 | -48.23, 1.23 | 70.34 ± 36.66 | 61.18 ± 15.76 | -13.02 | -14.40, 32.71 | 0.216 (0.557) | 0.365 (0.403) | 0.047 (0.918)* |
BF | 41.72 ± 20.84 | 63.44 ± 23.86 | 52.06 | -40.61, 0.03 | 68.21 ± 39.34 | 58.51 ± 14.83 | -14.22 | -13.48, 38.08 | 0.113 (0.721) | 0.592 (0.238) | 0.038 (0.969)* |
ST | 40.12 ± 21.04 | 60.41 ± 22.17 | 50.57 | -43.11, -0.32 | 69.23 ± 39.33 | 56.93 ± 13.18 | -17.76 | -14.75, 34.16 | 0.198 (0.582) | 0.420 (0.358) | 0.043 (0.940)* |
Glut-M | 38.56 ± 20.95 | 58.78 ± 19.49 | 52.43 | -38.73, -1.71 | 72.74 ± 38.96 | 55.39 ± 12.76 | -23.85 | -6.79, 41.50 | 0.062 (0.860) | 0.835 (0.090) | 0.012 (1.207)* |