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Table 4 Test of equivalence (TOST) to compare the formulas versus tests with additional load

From: Performance with an additional load: formula-based predictions for controlling the load intensity when carrying backpacks

  

t

df

p

d

95% CI

Speed (km/h) at VT1 

t-test

1.77

63

0.082

  

TOST Lower

6.19

63

< 0.001*

-0.55

-0.06

TOST Upper

-0.27

63

0.005

0.55

0.51

Heart rate (bpm) at VT1

t-test

1.32

63

0.192

  

TOST Lower

1.62

63

0.055

-0.38

-0.07

TOST Upper

1.02

63

0.844

0.38

0.40

Speed (km/h) at VT2

t-test

1.64

60

0.107

  

TOST Lower

5.66

60

< 0.001*

-0.52

0.00

TOST Upper

-2.39

60

0.01

0.52

0.43

Heart rate (bpm) at VT2 

t-test

0.89

60

0.379

  

TOST Lower

1.34

60

0.093

-0.06

-0.11

TOST Upper

0.43

60

0.667

0.06

0.34

  1. TOST two one-sided tests, VT1 ventilatory threshold 1, VT2 ventilatory threshold 2, d Cohen’s d effect size