Table 1 shows the demographic data of the included patients. SD; standard deviation, NA; non-available, BMI; body mass index
Study ID | Country | Study design | Sample size | Age; years mean (SD) | Males | Females | BMI, mean (SD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mulligan | Placebo | Mulligan | Placebo | Mulligan | Placebo | Mulligan | Placebo | Mulligan | Placebo | |||
Collins 2004 | Australia | Double-blinded RCT (cross-over) | 16 | 16 | 28.25 ± 9.3 | 28.25 ± 9.3 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | NA | NA |
Gogate 2020 | India | Randomized controlled trial | 16 | 16 | 26.1 ± 6.6 | 28.4 ± 7.0 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 6 | NA | NA |
Nguyen 2021 | Belgium | Pragmatic &RCT | 21 | 22 | 22.6 ± 3.7 | 22.1 ± 2.12 | 8 | 8 | 13 | 14 | NA | NA |
Norouzi 2021 | Iran | Double blinded RCT | 20 | 20 | 29.12 ± 7.50 | 33.29 ± 5.75 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 26.12 ± 3.7 | 27.00 ± 3.5 |
Phong Nguyen 2020 | Belgium | RCT | 25 | 24 | 23 ± 2.5 | 21.7 ± 1.74 | 19 | 17 | 6 | 7 | NA | NA |
Simsek 2018 | Turkey | RCT (cross over) | 26 | 26 | 28.9 ± 5.7 | 28.9 ± 5.7 | 16 | 16 | 10 | 10 | 21.6 ± 1.2 | 21.6 ± 1.2 |
Alves 2018 | Portugal | Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial | 16 | 16 | 21.5 ± 2.8 | 21.5 ± 2.8 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 24.1 ± 2.6 | 24.1 ± 2.6 |
Cruz-Diaz 2014 | Spain | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 30 | 31 | 26.83 ± 4.62 | 29.55 ± 9.44 | 17 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 23.57 ± 2.88 | 23.19 ± 2.15 |
Reid 2007 | Canada | Randomized controlled crossover trial | 23 | 23 | 25 ± 9 | 25 ± 9 | 8 | 8 | 15 | 15 | NA | NA |
Shadegani 2023 | Iran | Randomized, single blind crossover trial | 16 | 16 | 29.37 ± 6.08 | 29.37 ± 6.08 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 11 | NA | NA |