Table 2 Participants’ characteristics for the first (N = 183) and second (N = 91) surveys

Data collection method

 Online

52

28.4

21

23.1

 Offline

131

71.6

70

76.9

Age

 18–20

131

71.6

72

79.1

 21–23

33

18

12

13.2

 24–26

7

3.8

3

3.3

 27–38

12

6.6

4

4.4

Training frequency

 3–4 times/week

58

31.7

19

20.9

 5–6 times/week

80

43.7

41

45.1

 ≥ 7 times/week

45

24.6

31

34.1

Types of sports

 Track and field

89

48.6

47

51.6

 Football

30

16.4

14

15.4

 Basketball

5

2.7

2

2.2

 Martial arts

6

3.3

2

2.2

 Volleyball

28

15.3

11

12.1

 Gymnastics

25

13.7

15

16.5

Sport career

 1–3 years

127

69.4

66

72.5

 4–6 years

43

23.5

20

22

 7–9 years

5

2.7

4

4.4

 ≥ 10 years

8

4.3

1

1.1