Table 6 Energy expenditure and energy availability levels of Paralympic athletes

TDEE (kcal/d)

2382.49 ± 465.91

2137.81 ± 430.02

2600.36 ± 492.76

 < 0.001

TDEE (kcal/FFM (kg)/d)

56.96 ± 8.64

50.51 ± 8.59

61.29 ± 9.28

 < 0.001

EI-TEE difference (kcal/d)

− 560.02 ± 593.43

− 322.85 ± 690.71

− 889.04 ± 683.84

 < 0.001

EA (kcal/kg FFM/d)

37.41 ± 11.01

44.08 ± 12.75

29.87 ± 12.60

 < 0.001

PAEE (kcal/d)

543.60 ± 165.28

RMR (kcal/d)

1476.79 ± 214.43

VO₂ (mL/kg/min)

2.90 ± 0.39

EA classification

Low EA (< 30 kcal/kg FFM/d)

7 (21.2)

2 (6.25)

16 (50.0)

Subclinical EA (30–45 kcal/kg FFM/d)

19 (57.6)

20 (62.5)

14 (43.75)

Adequate EA (> 45 kcal/kg FFM/d)

6 (18.2)

10 (31.25)

2 (6.25)