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Table 2 Initial values of the groups

From: The effects of concomitant application of TENS and NMES on chronic stroke patients: a prospective randomized controlled study

Group

TENS

NMES

TENS + NMES

Control

P

Initial NIHSS scores

7.2 ± 2.9

7.8 ± 3.4

6.0 ± 3.2

5.6 ± 2.7

0.205d

Initial Brunnstrom stage-affected lower limb (II/III/ IV/V) *

4/5/4/2

4/3/7/1

3/6/5/1

3/4/6/2

0.965b

Initial PASS scores

13.9 ± 5.7

15.3 ± 6.6

15.4 ± 4.9

12.0 ± 5.5

0.262d

Initial FIM scores

62.1 ± 20.1

65.7 ± 16.2

67.1 ± 23.3

57.4 ± 15.2

0.786d

Initial MAS scores

2.7 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.6

2.7 ± 0.6

0.942d

  1. NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, PASS Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke, FIM Functional Independence Measure, MAS Modified Ashworth Scale
  2. *The Brunnstrom lower extremity motor staging consists of six stages. There were no patients in stage 1 or stage 6 included in this study
  3. bUsing Chi-square test
  4. d Kruskal Wallis Test