Effect of treadmill walking on cardiometabolic risk factors and liver function markers in older adults with MASLD: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Comparative results of calorie intake, PA levels, and body composition

Items	Time	Groups			p
Items	Time	CON	WPG	G	T	G×T
Calorie intake (kcal)
Daily calorie (kcal/day)	Pre	1609.0 ± 172.2	1610.6 ± 185.2	0.507	0.002	0.647
	Post	1717.4 ± 229.9	1754.4 ± 191.5
Carbohydrates (g/day)	Pre	118.4 ± 14.4	119.5 ± 14.4	0.455	0.639	0.700
	Post	118.6 ± 13.3	121.3 ± 11.5
Fibre (g/day)	Pre	19.6 ± 3.7	19.3 ± 3.8	0.599	0.089	0.482
	Post	20.4 ± 3.5	21.2 ± 3.5
Protein (g/day)	Pre	50.8 ± 6.1	51.7 ± 6.5	0.829	0.742	0.338
	Post	51.6 ± 6.4	50.2 ± 6.3
Fat (g/day)	Pre	50.6 ± 7.7	49.5 ± 7.5	0.729	0.374	0.334
	Post	50.5 ± 8.3	52.4 ± 7.9
Vitamin A (ug RAE/day)	Pre	543.9 ± 62.9	546.0 ± 61.0	0.848	0.661	0.697
	Post	552.6 ± 57.6	546.5 ± 58.6
Vitamin C (mg/day)	Pre	95.4 ± 13.4	94.3 ± 13.0	0.820	0.376	0.814
	Post	97.3 ± 15.2	97.7 ± 14.0
Calcium (mg/day)	Pre	716.8 ± 99.5	698.0 ± 88.9	0.249	0.057	0.821
	Post	681.5 ± 131.9	653.4 ± 140.5
Iron (mg/day)	Pre	12.2 ± 3.2	12.8 ± 3.6	0.554	0.937	0.617
	Post	12.5 ± 3.2	12.5 ± 3.3
Physical activity levels (MET∙min/week)
	Pre	1567.0 ± 329.2	1565.7 ± 371.4	0.001	0.001	0.001
	Post	1276.6 ± 223.0	2239.7 ± 400.5
Body composition
Body weight (kg)	Pre	68.0 ± 6.9	69.2 ± 6.7	0.030	0.001	0.001
	Post	70.7 ± 6.7	62.1 ± 8.3
Lean mass (kg)	Pre	39.3 ± 4.8	38.5 ± 6.3	0.340	0.391	0.001
	Post	36.7 ± 4.6	40.2 ± 8.2
Fat mass (kg)	Pre	19.5 ± 4.1	22.2 ± 6.0	0.511	0.034	0.001
	Post	22.1 ± 4.2	18.0 ± 4.1
Fat percentage (%)	Pre	29.0 ± 6.8	32.3 ± 9.5	0.734	0.667	0.001
	Post	31.5 ± 6.4	29.3 ± 7.2
Waist-to-hip ratio	Pre	0.9 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	0.003	0.110	0.001
	Post	1.0 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1
Body mass index (kg/m²)	Pre	26.6 ± 2.6	27.6 ± 2.6	0.111	0.001	0.001
	Post	27.8 ± 3.2	24.7 ± 3.0

ISSN: 2052-1847