Fig. 3

Risk of bias for each study. Detailed risk of bias assessment for each included study across six domains (D1-D5). D1 = Randomisation process; DS = Bias arising from period and carryover effects; D2 = Deviations from intended interventions; D3 = Missing outcome data; D4 = Measurement of outcome; D5 = Selection of reported result. Color-coded visualization shows risk assessment for each domain per study