Table 2 (a). Comparison of lower limb acceleration characteristics between novice and experienced badminton players. b. Comparison of upper limb acceleration characteristics between novice and experienced badminton players

a

Hip

X

1.36 ± 0.53

-0.69 ± 0.28

0.66 ± 0.26

0.91 ± 0.24

-0.39 ± 0.05

0.52 ± 0.22

-0.44(-0.69, -0.21) *

0.31(0.19,0.43)*

-0.14(-0.29,0. 00)

Y

2.08 ± 1.18

-1.16 ± 0.70

0.95 ± 0.45

1.43 ± 0.61

-0.66 ± 0.35

0.77 ± 0.28

-0.69(-1.22, -1.56) *

0.50(0.18,0.83)*

-0.18(-0.41, -0.04)

Z

1.39 ± 0.49

-0.63 ± 0.19

0.75 ± 0.34

1.02 ± 1.51

-0.49 ± 0.27

0.53 ± 0.30

-0.37(-0.68, -0.06) *

0.14(0.01,0.28)

-0.22(-0.42, -0.03)*

Thigh

X

2.18 ± 0.80

-1.38 ± 0.68

0.80 ± 0.24

1.51 ± 0.84

-0.77 ± 0.35

0.74 ± 0.55

-0.67(-1.15, -0.19) *

0.62(0.30,0.94) *

-0.05(-0.30, -0.37)

Y

2.19 ± 0.99

-1.03 ± 0.66

1.15 ± 0.47

1.11 ± 0.51

-0.54 ± 0.34

0.57 ± 0.18

-1.08(-1.54, -0.62) *

0.50(0.19,0.81) *

-0.58(-0.79,0.21)

Z

2.12 ± 0.90

-0.93 ± 0.35

1.19 ± 0.62

1.32 ± 0.31

-0.70 ± 0.22

0.62 ± 0.18

-0.80(-1.19, -0.40) *

0.22(0.06,0.40) *

-0.57(-0.85, -0.29) *

Calf

X

2.80 ± 0.83

-1.44 ± 0.40

1.35 ± 0.53

1.76 ± 1.24

-0.75 ± 0.25

1.00 ± 0.54

-1.05(-1.80,0.29) *

0.70(0.50,0.89) *

-0.35(-1.03,0.34)

Y

2.12 ± 1.11

-1.00 ± 0.64

1.12 ± 0.51

1.25 ± 0.56

-0.66 ± 0.54

0.58 ± 0.16

-0.88(-1.40, -0.36) *

0.34(-0.01,0.69)

-0.54-0.68, -0.31)

Z

2.80 ± 0.88

-1.64 ± 0.65

1.16 ± 0.37

1.60 ± 0.49

-0.93 ± 0.30

0.66 ± 0.21

-1.20(-1.62, -0.78) *

-0.12(-2.22,1.98) *

-0.49(-0.68, -0.32)

Foot

X

4.05 ± 1.83

-1.84 ± 1.22

2.21 ± 0.76

4.17 ± 1.36

-1.85 ± 0.89

2.31 ± 1.10

0.12(--0.83,1.06)

-0.02(-0.65,0.61)

0.10(-0.47, -0.67

Y

3.35 ± 0.97

-1.41 ± 0.46

1.93 ± 0.96

3.18 ± 0.91

-1.09 ± 0.44

2.09 ± 0.72

-0.17(-0.72,0.38)

0.33(0.06,0.59) *

0.15(-0.36,0.67)

Z

5.82 ± 1.90

-2.93 ± 1.27

2.89 ± 1.17

2.60 ± 1.23

-1.50 ± 0.94

1.10 ± 0.46

-3.22(-4.16, -2.28)

1.44(0.78,2.09)

-1.78(-2.32, -1.24)

b

Shoulder

X

2.08 ± 1.05

-0.92 ± 0.48

1.16 ± 0.58

1.51 ± 0.51

-0.81 ± 0.44

0.69 ± 0.22

-0.58(-1.06, -0.09)*

0.11(-0.16,0.38)

-0.46(-0.73,0.20)

Y

2.99 ± 1.76

-2.10 ± 1.27

0.88 ± 0.54

1.89 ± 0.63

-1.03 ± 0.26

0.86 ± 0.39

-1.09(-1.88, -0.32) *

1.08(0.54,1.62) *

-0.02(-0.25, -0.18)

Z

2.33 ± 0.51

-1.45 ± 0.32

0.87 ± 0.47

2.40 ± 0.66

-1.57 ± 0.66

0.84 ± 0.18

-0.07(-0.27, -0.42)

-0.11(-0.41,0.19)

-0.04(-1.8, -0.07) *

Upper arm

X

6.99 ± 2.04

-3.58 ± 1.82

3.40 ± 0.40

10.25 ± 1.74

-6.07 ± 1.79

4.18 ± 1.30

3.25(2.15,4.37) *

-2.49(-3.54-1.43)*

0.77(0.20,1.35) *

Y

10.50 ± 2.63

-7.19 ± 2.54

3.30 ± 1.30

7.90 ± 2.66

-5.71 ± 2.16

2.19 ± 1.06

-2.60(-2.52, -0.59) *

1.48(0.10,2.86)*

-1.11(-1.83, -0.40) *

Z

9.70 ± 2.19

-4.58 ± 1.46

5.11 ± 2.03

8.14 ± 0.79

-4.16 ± 0.97

3.97 ± 1.11

-1.55(-2.52,0.59) *

0.42(-0.30,1.15)

-1.13(-2.12, -0.14) *

Forearm

X

10.02 ± 2.30

-3.55 ± 0.59

6.46 ± 2.07

9.42 ± 2.81

-4.38 ± 1.26

5.03 ± 1.70

-0.60(-2.10,0.90)

-0.82(-1.39, -0.26) *

-1.43(-2.57, -0.28) *

Y

11.62 ± 2.28

-7.49 ± 1.34

4.12 ± 1.28

12.70 ± 3.00

-8.58 ± 2.21

4.12 ± 1.29

-1.09(-0.47,2.64)

-1.09(-2.15, -0.03)

-0.01(-0.78, -0.77)

Z

12.28 ± 4.23

-6.22 ± 1.68

4.60 ± 1.71

12.24 ± 1.67

-6.86 ± 1.50

5.40 ± 1.02

-0.03(-1.93,1.87)

-0.63(-1.56,0.30)

-0.79(-0.05, -1.65)*